It’s Giving Evolution: A Study of New Syntactic and Semantic Affordances of the English Verb "Give" on TikTok
PDF

Keywords

language change
language play
social media
TikTok
English language development
multimodality

How to Cite

Xu, L. (2026). It’s Giving Evolution: A Study of New Syntactic and Semantic Affordances of the English Verb "Give" on TikTok. Tertium Linguistic Journal, 10(2), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.7592/Tertium.2025.10.2.347

Abstract

Language is changing at an unprecedentedly rapid speed thanks to the internet and social media). New English varieties have developed in merely a few decades and a flood of new words and novel ways of using English have evolved. Since its international launch in 2017, the social media platform TikTok has been playing a major role in accelerating the development of new English varieties. TikTok’s unique algorithmic content recommendation enables virality. Such virality has had consequences for language use, specifically the use of English. This paper focuses on the English verb give and examines its new phrase structural and semantic developments observed on TikTok by the researcher. The verb give on TikTok seems to have developed new structural possibilities, new valencies, and a new sense. This new give has also been observed in use in other places outside of TikTok. This indicates that the new online variety of English observed on TikTok has seeped into mainstream dialects of English.

PDF

References

Absher, Morgan, Justin Thunstrom (2025, August 22) “Beyond Embarrassing” (No. 230) [Audio podcast episode]. In Two Hot Takes. https://open.spotify.com/episode/7faBLiDqzdewWzT3Yox5dl?si=185da24353744377

Aleksic, Adam (2025) Algospeak. Knopf Publishing Group.

Al-Kadi, Abdu. M. T., Rashad Ali Ahmed (2018) “Evolution of English in the Internet Age.” Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(3); 727–736. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i3.9823

Barbieri, Federica (2009) “Quotative Be Like in American English: Ephemeral or Here to Stay?” English World-Wide, 30(1); 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.30.1.05bar

Brandtzaeg, Petter B. (2016) “The Social Media Natives.” [In:] Eyvind Elstad (ed.) Digital Expectations and Experiences in Education. Rotterdam: Springer; 149–162.

Calhoun, Kendra, Alexia Fawcett (2023) “‘They Edited Out her Nip Nops’: Linguistic Innovation as Textual Censorship Avoidance on TikTok.” Language@Internet, 21(1); 1-30. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/li/article/view/37371/39943

Cervi, Laura (2021) “Tik Tok and Generation Z.” Theatre, Dance and Performance Training, 12(2); 198–204. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2021.1915617

Coupland, Nikolas (2014) “Language Change, Social Change, Sociolinguistic Change: A Meta-Commentary.” Journal of Sociolinguistics, 18(2); 277–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12077

Crystal, David (2001a) “A Linguistic Revolution.” Education, Communication and Information, 1(2); 93-7. Retrieved from https://www.davidcrystal.com/Files/BooksAndArticles/-5325.pdf

Crystal, David (2001b) “The Linguistic Future of the Internet.” [In:] Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 224-242. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511487002.011

Crystal, David (2001c) Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crystal, David (2011) Internet Linguistics. A Student Guide. London, New York: Routledge.

Greer, Lauren (Writer), Karen Gaviola (Director) (2025, October 1) “The Kids Are Not All Right” (Season 2, Episode 5) [TV series episode]. [In:] Michele Fazekas (Showrunner), Gen V. Amazon Prime Video.

Haddican, William, Eytan Zweig, Daniel E. Johnson (2012) “The Syntax of be like Quotatives.” [In:] Jaehoon Choi et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the 29th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project; 81-89. Retrieved from https://www.lingref.com/cpp/wccfl/29/paper2690.pdf

Hesson, Ashley, Madeline Shellgren (2015) “Discourse Marker Like in Real Time: Characterizing the Time-Course of Sociolinguistic Impression Formation.” American Speech, 90(2); 154–186. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-3130313

Mugair, Sarab k., Atyaf H. Ibrahim, Amthal M. Abbas (2018) “A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Hedging in Facebook Comments: A Sex- and Age-Based Approach.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 7(7); 196-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.7p.196

Labov, William (1963) “The Social Motivation of a Sound Change.” Word (Worcester), 19(3); 273–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1963.11659799

Leláková, Eva, Diana Praženicová (2024) “Exploring Hedging in Spoken Discourse: Insights from Corpus Analysis.” Arab World English Journal, 15(3); 270-282. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol15no3.16

Liang, Jiaoying [@jiaoyingsummers]. (2025, September 18) “He lied to the fish Back to back dates see you on the road jiaoyingcomedy.com. Sep 19–20–Lexington” [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@jiaoyingsummers/video/7551252095945510174

Lorenz, Taylor (2022, Apr 8) “Internet ‘algospeak’ is Changing Our Language in Real Time, from ‘nip nops’ to ‘le dollar bean’.” The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/04/08/algospeak-tiktok-le-dollar-bean/

Madison, Caleb (2021, December 6) “‘It’s Giving’: A Gift to Language.” The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2021/12/the-good-word-december-6th/620894/

Metzger, Wyatt, Michael Bailey [@bachmakers]. (2023, November 21) “‘Its giving… Overused’ #bachelorinparadise” [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@bachmakers/video/7303716094643047722

Salvino, Sean, Josh Schell, John Consignado (2025, October 20) “Was It Wrong of Me to STARE at a Woman? | Reading Reddit Stories” (No. 403) [Audio podcast episode]. In Reddit On Wiki. https://open.spotify.com/episode/3Oym0R7UvWJ09iQsTrg2AI?si=365f3d0f179e4975

Seargeant, Philip (2024) The Future of Language: How Technology, Politics and Utopianism are Transforming the Way We Communicate (First edition.). London: Bloomsbury Academic.

Singh, Shubham (2025, Jul 31) “How Many People Use TikTok (Users Statistics 2025).” Demandsage. Retrieved Aug 25, 2025 from https://www.demandsage.com/tiktok-user-statistics/#:~:text=TikTok%20is%20the%20fifth%20most,is%20third%20with%202.50%20billion.

Soo, Stephanie (2025, September 14) “Police Gave Me EVERYTHING Netflix Didn’t Show You About ‘Unknown Number’” [Audio podcast episode]. In Rotten Mango. https://open.spotify.com/episode/5sCtB3LSUvJvGQgb34yZoy?si=56397684ae884b10

Steen, Ella, Kathryn Yurechko, Daniel Klug (2023) “You Can (Not) Say What You Want: Using Algospeak to Contest and Evade Algorithmic Content Moderation on TikTok.” Social Media + Society, 9(3); 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231194586

TikTok (2020, Jun 18) “How TikTok Recommends Videos #ForYou.” Newsroom. Retrieved from https://newsroom.tiktok.com/how-tiktok-recommends-videos-for-you?lang=en

Wang, Di, Sida Liu (2021) “Doing Ethnography on Social Media: A Methodological Reflection on the Study of Online Groups in China.” Qualitative Inquiry, 27(8-9); 977–987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778004211014610

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2026 Tertium Linguistic Journal

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.